The Google Sheets API does not appear to have any sort of server-side value-matching/filtering at all, but if you want to try, here’s a “starting point” HTTP Request node that is roughly equivalent to the Google Sheets Get row(s) in sheet operation.
BTW, if you want to create a “Tool” that fetches data from Google Sheets and then Filters the result using value matching, etc (i.e. Filter node), you could try to encapsulate all of that in a sub-workflow and use the Call n8n Workflow Tool with your AI Agent.