So a simple way to get the redirect chain could be the https://deref.link/ service suggested by @Spacewalker:
This seems to be free and works well with n8n, so might be worth checking out. An even simpler alternative (which is also free for less than 500 requests per month) would be One Simple API for which @Jon built a node recently.
None of these would provide the exact status codes though, so if you need to get these as well you would need to implement the logic yourself. This can get a bit messy though compared to the above. Here’s an example handling a single URL:
