it does indeed seem like you have a connection issue between the server where n8n is running and your PHP API. Do you use n8n Cloud or a self hosted instance. In case of the latter there could be a limitation from your hosting provider in which services you can connect to.
Can you try using another url in the http node as a test, eg. https://www.google.com/ ? And please try to reupload the n8n node configuration as I can only see a gray box below your post.
Thanks for the additional information. Your workflow file looks fine, but the screenshot points towards the direction of a firewall preventing your self hosted instance from connecting to the internet. The issue could be in Docker (if you use that for running n8n) although by default services running inside a Docker container can connect to the internet. Another possibility would be the server that n8n is running on, maybe some restriction from your hosting provider?
What I would recommend you to do is to open up some AI tool like ChatGPT or Gemini and ask it something like this:
“I have a self hosted version of n8n running in a docker container on the hosting platform “abc” and when creating a http node connecting to an API I get a timeout. I also tried to connect to https://google.com but got an error that the connection was unexpectedly closed.”