This is not an error with n8n, Please remember if you are self hosting it is considered an advanced feature so we would need to rely on your knowledge of the helm chart you are using and argocd.
In this case I noticed at the end of your error it has (is 'helm' installed?) Have you verified that this is installed?
I don’t really have anything else as this is not an n8n error or issue, Looking at the error it could also be an issue with the files you are usign or maybe a path has not been set correctly. The bit below looks like somewhere you are using <path to cached source> instead of an actual path so unless you replaced this in the error it could be that.
Error: could not find protocol handler for: : unable to run: 'helm pull --untar --untardir <path to cached source>/staging/n8n-cluster/charts --repo 8gears.container-registry.com/library/n8n n8n --version 0.23.1